Econ 248 Assignment 2

ECON 248 Assignment 2 1. The bank rate is the interest rate at which the Bank of Canada stands ready to lend reserves to chartered banks. The banker's deposit rate is the interest rate that the Bank of Canada pays banks on their deposits at the Bank of Canada. Changes to these rates by the Bank of Canada typically spread to other interest rates and therefore will influence the amount of lending done by the banks. An open market operation is the purchase or sale of government securities, which are government of Canada Treasury bills and bonds, in the open market by the Bank of Canada. These transactions done by the Bank of Canada change the reserves of the banks, which have an immediately impact on the amount of overnight borrowing. This enables the Bank of Canada to hit its overnight rate target. Government deposit shifting is the practice of shifting government deposits between the government's account at the Bank of Canada and its accounts at the various chartered banks. These shifts of deposits affects the banks' reserves, and therefore their ability to make overnight loans. Since this tool is typically used on a small scale to smooth daily fluctuations in the amount of overnight loans, its impact on the implementation of monetary policy is small. The required reserve ratio is the portion of depositors' balances banks must have on hand as cash, as determined by the central bank. The monetary policy of a required reserve ratio is no longer in use by the Bank of Canada. The Bank of Canada's policy tools work by changing the quantity of money in the economy, by changing the monetary base. By raising the bank rate, the Bank of Canada can make it more costly for the banks to borrow reserves. By raising the interest rate it pays the banks on their own deposits at the Bank of Canada, it can induce the banks to want to hold larger reserves. By selling securities in the open market, the Bank of Canada can decrease the monetary base. The Bank of Canada can also decrease bank reserves and the monetary base by switching some government of Canada deposits from a chartered bank to itself. These actions decrease the quantity of money, other things remaining the same. . L = (1 – 0. 35) X (1 – 0. 07) L = 0. 6 Quantity of money created = $50,000,000 X 1/(1 – 0. 6) Quantity of money created = $50,000,000 X 2. 5 Quantity of money created = $125,000,000 3. a) The multiplier is the amount by which a change in any component of autonomous expenditure is magnified or multiplied to determine the change that it generates in equilibrium expenditure and real GDP. Investmen t expenditures increase aggregate expenditure and real GDP. The increase in real GDP increases disposable income, which increases consumption expenditure. The increased consumption expenditure adds even more to aggregate expenditure. Real GDP and disposable income increase further, and so does consumption expenditure. The initial increase in investment brings an even bigger increase in aggregate expenditure because it induces an increase in consumption expenditure. The multiplier determines the magnitude of the increase in aggregate expenditure that results from an increase in investment or another component of autonomous expenditure. The greater the marginal propensity to consume, the larger is the multiplier. ) The marginal propensity to import and the marginal tax rate together with the marginal propensity to consume determine the multiplier. Their combined influence determines the slope of the aggregate expenditure curve. Since Multiplier = 1 / (1 – Slope of AE curve) and the marginal tax rate determines the extent to which income tax payments change when real GDP changes, the size of the multiplier will decrease depending o n the extent to which the marginal tax rate reduces the slope of the AE curve. ) The slope of the AE curve equals 0. 75 Multiplier = change in real GDP/change in investment = 1/(1-MPC) Multiplier = 1/(1-0. 75) = 1/0. 25 = 4 The revised slope of the AE curve equals 0. 45 Multiplier = change in real GDP/change in investment = 1/(1-Slope of AE curve) Multiplier = 1/(1-0. 45) = 1/0. 55 = 1. 818181812 4. a) Given that the increase in unemployment means a decrease in real GDP, and that consumer spending and investment spending reductions mean a fall in aggregate demand, the economy is in recession. This is due to a fall in aggregate demand, and the fall in investment may lead to higher costs of production in the future. b) In a recession, the number of people experiencing economic hardship increases, so induced transfer payments such as unemployment benefits and welfare benefits increase. Induced taxes and induced transfer payments decrease the multiplier effect of a change in autonomous expenditure such as investments, and moderate recessions making real GDP more stable. Discretionary fiscal policy would be used in an attempt to restore full employment. The government might increase its expenditure on goods and services, cut taxes, or do some of both, increasing aggregate demand. An increase in government expenditure or a cut in taxes increases aggregate expenditure as well. c) In a recession, the Bank of Canada will conduct an open market purchase to lower the interest rate. The quantity of investment will increase, and other interest-sensitive expenditure items will also increase. With an increase in aggregate expenditure, the multiplier increases aggregate demand, bringing real GDP to equal potential GDP, and a recession will be eliminated. . Keynesianism is loosely defined as the economic view that, left to itself, the economy may not fully employ the resources available, and that expansionary governmental action may be required to achieve full employment and growth. Monetarists, in contrast, think broadly that the principal economic task of government is to regulate the money supply, and in particular set limits to it, and that achievement of adequate levels of employment and growth can be left to the market. Historically, Keynesians avoured fiscal policy and monetarists favoured monetary policy as the tool for stabilizing aggregate demand. Today, the divide between the two schools on this issue has almost vanished. Monetarists favour a target growth rate for the quantity of money, and feel that not keeping money growth on target risks outbursts of inflation. Keynesians favour a target for the interest rate, and feel that aggregate demand can be controlled more accurately by preventing the interest rate from fluctuating too wildly, which it might do with strict targeting of the quantity of money and its growth rate. When real GDP falls below potential GDP, Keynesians feel that taking swift action to stimulate the economy by cutting the interest rate and increasing government expenditures is the most effective road to take. Monetarists feel the best that stabilization policy can do to achieve a high level and growth rate of real GDP is to keep inflation in check. Monetarists favour an inflation target at a low inflation rate. When the inflation rate rises, monetarists want swift action to slow it regardless of the state of real GDP. 6. a) 1000 tons of breadfruit / 500 tons of fish = 2 The opportunity cost of 1 unit of fish in Kiribati is 2 units of breadfruit. b) 750 tons of breadfruit / 1875 tons of fish = 0. 4 The opportunity cost of 1 unit of fish in Tuvalu is 0. 4 units of breadfruit. c) Tuvalu has a comparative advantage because it is able to produce fish at a lower opportunity cost than can Kiribati. d) Kiribati will import fish from Tuvalu because Tuvalu has the comparative advantage in the production of fish. 7. The three main arguments for protection and restricting international trade are i. the employment argument ii. the infant-industry argument iii. the dumping argument The employment argument is that if a country imports cheap foreign goods, local workers lose their jobs and become a drain on the welfare system, spending less, and causing a ripple effect of further job loss. The proposed solution is to ban imports of cheap foreign goods and to protect local jobs, but that proposal is flawed. Free trade does cost some jobs, but it also creates jobs. It brings about global rationalization of labour and allocates resources to their highest valued activities. Local jobs are lost, but jobs are created in the foreign countries that now produce those goods. The local workers who lost their jobs now have better paying jobs because export industries have expanded and created more jobs than have been destroyed. Another point is that imports create jobs. They create jobs for retailers that sell imported goods and for firms that service those goods. They also create jobs by creating incomes in the rest of the world, some of which are spent on imports of locally made goods and services. The infant-industry argument for protection is that it is necessary to protect a new industry to enable it to grow into a mature industry that can compete in world markets. The argument is based on the idea of dynamic comparative advantage, which can arise from learning-by-doing. Learning-by-doing is a powerful engine of productivity growth, and comparative advantage evolves and changes because of on-the-job experience. These facts, however, do not justify protection. The infant-industry argument is only valid if the benefits of learning-by-doing accrue not only to the owners and workers of the firms in the infant industry but also spill over to other industries and parts of the economy. Dumping occurs when a foreign firm sells its exports at a lower price than the price at which the product is normally sold in the foreign firm's domestic market. A firm that wants to gain global monopoly might use dumping, selling its output in the domestic market at a price that is low enough to drive domestic firms out of business. When the domestic firms are gone, the foreign firm takes advantage of its monopoly and charges a higher price for its products. This practice is the typical justification given for anti-dumping tariffs. There are reasons for resisting the dumping argument for protection. First, it is virtually impossible to detect dumping. The test for dumping is a weak one because it can be rational for a firm to charge a lower price in markets in which the quantity demanded is highly sensitive to price and a higher price in a market in which demand is less price-sensitive. Second, it is hard to think of a good that is produced by a natural global monopoly. Even if all the domestic firms in some industry were driven out of business, it would always be possible to find many alternative foreign sources of supply and to buy at prices determined in competitive markets. Third, if a good or service were a truly global natural monopoly, the best way to deal with it would be by regulation. Such regulation would require international cooperation. 8. a) Exports to the US would decrease due to lower demand because it would cost US importers more to purchase Canadian goods. b) Canadian importers would see a decrease in cost when importing machinery and equipment from US suppliers. c) Cross border shoppers would pay less for goods they purchase in the US. ) If the retired Canadians have US dollar bank accounts, the fluctuation of the Canadian dollar would likely have little effect on them. However, if they have Canadian dollar bank accounts or have Canadian currency, they can buy more with those Canadian dollars. 9. Current account Exports of goods and services+411 Imports of goods and services-378 Net transfers+3 Net interest payments-34 Current account balance+2 Capital account Foreign investment into Canada+22 Canadian investment abroad-35 Statistical di screpancy+10 Capital account balance-3 Official settlements account Official settlements account balance-1

Ethical Decision Scenario Worksheet Essay

Shannon met with several of Janet’s clients. After meeting with clients, she discovered a pattern in which the clients would report that they have not seen Janet in 2 to 3 months. However, the case files reflected face-to-face contact with all of her clients, despite what her clients stated. When Shannon investigated further, she found that the client notes were all at the same day and time, which is unlikely. Further, several of Janet’s clients needed referrals for counseling, but Janet never completed them and has not followed up to ensure her clients are receiving the necessary services. Janet is a close friend of Shannon. Shannon does not want to get Janet in trouble but realizes something must be done. Answer, in a 75- to 100-word response, each of the following questions: 1. What are the ethical issues involved in the scenario? Shannon is a juvenile probation officer that works for the Department of justice: she covered Janet’s casework and clients while Janet was out. She seen that Janet is lying on her paperwork saying the she sees her clients regularly, when her clients said otherwise. Janet is also completing all of the paperwork on the same day with the same notes and times. This is impossible to do so it means that none of her notes are true and she is reporting false information. Janet is not referring her clients when needed and is not doing her job right. Fidelity is respecting the trust that  clients place in their helpers and guarding against an erosion of that trust. Helpers are careful to fulfill their responsibilities, keep promises, and be honest in their interactions with clients. Veracity means being honest with clients. Human service professionals commit to providing clients with all of the information that they need and to providing fair and honest feedback. 2. What client rights are involved in the scenario? The client rights that are involved in this scenario are privacy, and informed consent. The privacy rights were somewhat violated because the clients file was given to another helper. Therefore this helper read the file and knew all the clients information. It is also the clients right to know the about the qualifications, treatment, procedure, cost of services, confidentiality and have the records the helper keeps of them. The client was clearly non given access to the record the helper kept of them: if so they sold have seen that the helper was giving false notes and information. 3. What, if any, client rights were violated? Janet was not taking notes on her clients and not seeing them regularly because all of her notes were done around the same time, and on the same day. The client is clearly not getting the attention they need. Her clients are stating that they have not seen her in 2 to 3 months. However Janet is not being truthful about her work. 4. How you would use the ethical decision-making model to address or resolve the situation?

Big Brother

As I mopped sweat from my forehead and onto my already flooded shirt, I realized I could not lose this game. It was fourth and goal, and the he was only three yards away from the end zone. I looked back to see my smiling parents watching from a window inside. They were smart and decided to watch from the air-conditioned family room. I called for a timeout and pondered what I could do to maintain the score. After the short timeout, I lined up on the goal line, awaiting the snap. â€Å"Hike!† he shouted. I tried to read which way he was going. As he pulled a quick cutback move, I lost my footing. I slipped on the grass and watched my eight-year-old brother run into the end zone, hands held high. Any other kid his age would have done a bragging, victory dance in the end zone. Not him, though. He had never seen his big brother do it, so he figured it wasn’t â€Å"cool.† I was happy for him. I taught him everything he knew about football. My parents thought I let him win, but I knew he won by himself. I went over to him, congratulated him, and we walked side by side back indoors, where we enjoyed an ice cold Pepsi. It’s difficult growing up with a brother ten years younger. But it’s taught me to be a leader, a role model, and most of all, to have fun in ways I normally wouldn’t. I may have taught my brother all he knows about football, but he has taught me how to be a compassionate role model and a leader. To college, I will bring with me my memories, experiences, and leadership skills.

Teaching about Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Teaching about Religions - Essay Example The course ids fit for high school students who need to gain familiarity with different ideologies and belief systems exhibited by different religions. Introducing the course at the high school level will produce students with open minds and who exhibit tolerance for the religious beliefs of other people. In order to successfully implement this project, there is a need for all stakeholders involved to approve the introduction of the course. This memo describes both the primary and the secondary audience, which comprises of different levels of stakeholders. The primary audience includes the board of the school, parents, teachers, and the students. The school board is the key decision maker in a high school setting. There is a need for the board to understand the potential outcomes of introducing a course that teaches students about the different religions and countries. The board comprises of people with professional experience and expertise, who have the vision of ensuring that the school registers a positive impact on the society. Evidently, introducing this new course serves to register an immensely positive impact. Moreover, the school board should consider the relevance of the course and determine whether the school has the required resources by offering the course. It is critical to consult staff and parents because of their position in the school’s decision-making process. The staff’s opinion is critical because they will actively participate in the delivery of the course content to the students. Parents need to be aware of what their children learn in school and should form part of the student milestones in the education system (Lester, 2011). Students from the ultimate stakeholders because they stand to benefit from the course. Therefore, it is significant to consider their opinion on the potential benefits of the course to their individual and social lives.

Importance of Writing in Business Profession Essay

Importance of Writing in Business Profession - Essay Example   According to her, students should be versed with the current trends in the industry by reading widely something that also contributed to her success.   In addition, she also states that â€Å"working in other industries including service industry also helped† her develop experience in writing.   On the other hand, Jane Zhao also experienced challenges in different writings that have to be done in her job. Due to the kind of operations that take place in Dell Incl., writing and presenting departmental reports were challenging to her. In this regard, Jane Zhao had to be trained on various but relevant technical issues that were necessary for her to carry out her duties effectively. Therefore, she further advises that â€Å"students pursuing business major have to be flexible† in whatever field they get an opportunity in order to learn new writing skills necessary for their success.   The future of business major student is going to be tough because of several re asons. To start with, there are many graduates of business major than are the job opportunities. Jane Zhao explains that every year she receives thousands of applications from graduate students in the business major yet there may be no single opening. According to her, â€Å"students should develop a good network with professionals† in order to increase their chances of getting a job after their graduation.   Secondly, many industries are diversifying their income avenues while streamlining their expenditure hence reducing the number of employees.

Political Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Political Morality - Essay Example t of knowing whether the public require to know about politician’s private lives only during the time when this information is important for assessing their capability to be elected into office. Consequently, I do not agree with this claim. In fact, the public require knowing the private lives of politicians all the times. Even such things as the politician’s sexual relationships and private finances have to be known to the public especially when they have a connection with the management of public resources. Dimensions of privacy and publicity Social practices and activities of public life versus private life have a wide range of domain. There are however, three broad dimensions of these forms of life. These are access, agency, and interest. Access refers to visibility of resources and information. Agency refers to the control and capacities, which political agents enjoy while interest refers to the relevance of resource utilization (Benn and Gaus, 1983). Access, also known as visibility involves many things. First, it involves the people physically accessing such spaces as beaches, theatres. If the access is public, then it means that anyone has the right to space. On the other hand, if access is private, it means that group, or someone has access right. In this case, such a person can allow or deny others access. Access to space does not come in as far as the need to know more about a politician is concerned. In any case, the politician does not wait until the public is aware so that he or she can get into such spaces as theatres or beaches. These are recreational places and politicians have the right to get entertained. This right does not affect the management of public resources in any way. In fact, it is considered in remuneration. This is why every employee has entertainment allowance (Benn & Gaus, 1983). Secondly, it involves people accessing social activities like public meeting. For public meeting, anyone has the right of

Ebay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ebay - Essay Example However, other issues were still seen like the one-sided feedback system favorable to buyers only. Other online options for businesses also competed with the eBay. Amazon also emerged as one of its major competitors. Other issues which the company faced included fewer consumer-friendly payment features for eBay as compared to Amazon; presence of counterfeit merchandise; and bad management choices all. SWOT Analysis Strengths eBay is the world largest online auction websites and it was the first company that came up with the idea of online auction. And because of its unique way of trading, eBay has given the chance for buyers and sellers from all over the world to buy and sell items by going online and without having them to meet up. Diversifying has become one of the major components for eBay. Not only it diversified its products, but eBay also diversified its target markets from, individuals to small or big companies. Moreover, from the past couple of years, eBay did some acquisitio ns over some other companies, such as, PayPal, StubHub, and Skype. With all of these acquisitions, it made eBay as a bigger and better company, and one of the big successes of these acquisitions was with PayPal.

Polish Migrant Workers within the UK Hospitality Industry Literature review

Polish Migrant Workers within the UK Hospitality Industry - Literature review Example (Dobson, 2009). Migration to a new country is often a tough decision and is based upon certain factors such as the social integration with other sections of the society, the overall economic prospects of finding earning opportunities as well as the security of the residence. (Ruhs & Anderson, 2007). These factors effectively determine whether any country or government is more open to the international immigrant workers or not and therefore all subsequent decisions by the mobile international labor force depend on such factors. Within the context of UK, this has been relatively more favorable for the immigrants until recently when economic hardships have forced the government to take steps to curb the immigrations and restrict the flow of economic workers from outside the EU zone. UK’s hospitality sector is one of the growing sectors in the country owing to the increasing number of tourists flowing into the country. It was because of this reason that most of the polish workers who came before 2006 mainly were inducted in different sectors including hospitality sector. Some estimates suggest that almost 22% of the Polish workers who came to the country before 2006 were employed in the hospitality sector thus making it one of the biggest sectors in the economy to have polish immigrant workers. Like all international workers, they also however, faced the different issues such as low wage, discrimination at the work as well as other work related issues which potentially can hamper their long term prospects. Cultural diversity is another important issue which has been highlighted in the existing literature in terms of the employment of the Polish workers in the hospitality sector of UK. This literature review will therefore present a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the polish workers in UK Hospitality sector. Hospitality Sector in UK In UK, Hospitality sector is defined along with leisure, travel and tourism sections of the industry also. It is because of this reason that the overall number of businesses coming under the sector is relatively large and diverse including hotels, pubs and night clubs, restaurants, events, membership services, gambling and visitor attractions. Hospitality sector in the country is one of the largest employers in the country with almost 400,000 workers working in the core hospitality sector. A closer review of the existing data would suggest that most of the workers in the hospitality sector are females whereas almost 8% of the workforce belongs to ethnic minority or the blacks. It is also important to note that the ratio of the full time and part time workers in the industry is almost same with 57% of the workers working on part time basis. (People 1st, 2009) The age profile of the workers working in this industry is really diversified however, majority of the workers are aged with significant portion of the workers over the age of 30. Further, it is also important to note that the most o f the workers in this industry are employed in the kitchen and catering related activities followed by chefs and cooks. Bar staff is the third largest group of employees working in this segment of the industry thus suggesting the overall diversity of the sector and the people working in the sector. (People 1st, 2009) It is also important to note that the overall ownership patterns in the industry in UK are also changing. Traditionally hospitality sector

A Biblical Perspective On Calling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Biblical Perspective On Calling - Essay Example Schreiner agrees that this Paul also got appointed two times, as pioneer cathedral farmer and as the priest of freshly created worshippers, subsequent to being changed by Christ when he was heading towards Damascus. 2) Universal of the team calling: God chose Moses with Aaron as well as 72 Israel elders (to become worshippers) separately. Within the NT, in the book of Mark chapter 6 verse 2, Christ ‘commissioned the 12 apostles in pairs and granted them power against demons.’ They’re generally appointed depending on the demands of their surrounding world. c) An individual calling to become a lover keyboardist: God grants gifts towards humans, subsequent to calling people to Christianity, i.e., inside Romans chapter 12:5-9, for fulfilling the mission God requires them doing, like within the prophecy ministries, serving, ministering, motivating, giving, controlling as well as showing compassion. Within my understanding, the Lord had implanted the talent of piano pla ying inside my spirit the time I attained eight years. Throughout the decades, He placed me in different training: initially in traditional tune and afterward inside praise and worship. Also, God refined my capabilities still more the time I turned into cathedral pianist. Moreover, God didn’t choose me because I am capable; however, He prepared me to a valuable tool at the appropriate moment. This perception verifies what Milson has articulated that ‘the Lord grants his talents just after one takes the work where he will require them.

Compare and Contrast Augustine(Political Writing) and Aquinas (The Essay

Compare and Contrast Augustine(Political Writing) and Aquinas (The Political Ideas Of ST. Thomas Aquinas) - Essay Example While some thinkers have argued for theological positions such as Christian communism, others propose that Christians should have limited participation in politics. Saint Augustine and Thomas Aquinas’ works attempt to provide a harmonious relationship between politics and Christianity. Augustine and Aquinas thoughts on politics are similar in terms of their theological positions, and differ in terms of Augustine’s theological outlook and Aquinas’s rational position on matters. Augustine, as a classical theologian, had notable works that he produced on politics. This occurred in spite of his firm grounding on religion. Augustine’s work had remained as classical in defining religion’s relationship with the society. Augustine discusses dual citizenship in terms of heaven and earth. He recognizes that human beings are bound to the functioning of the earthly state and the heavenly kingdom. Augustine allegorically refers to cities, the earthly city and th e city of God. The earthly city belongs to the class of individuals who are damned. According to Augustine, such individuals do not possess God’s blessings (Saint Augustine 5). On the other hand, the people in the City of God have God’s blessings. The City of God surpasses earthly institutions such as the state. On the other hand, Thomas Aquinas is a theologian who embarked on a study of the church within an intellectual frame. This explains why the papacy recommended Aquinas’s texts as preliminary in attaining ordainments. This suggests that these two scholars shared a similarity in articulating an objective view of the church. In turn, they had designed a philosophical outlook on spiritual matters. It is essential to highlight that Augustine and Aquinas shared similar convictions about wars. The scholars agree that war can be a just affair as long as it builds on certain premises. According to Aquinas, war is necessary as a means of defense. In addition, war i s vital in the event of ensuring long-term peace. Aquinas laid out Augustine’s principles in justifying given wars. To begin with, there has to be considerable possibilities of winning a given war. In addition, a strong central authority should be responsible for waging such a war. The third premise stated that peace was to be the central motive in pursuing a war. Similarly, Augustine had proposed pacifism as a Christian way of living. This means that Christians should oppose war and violence as a means of initiating conflict resolution. Augustine, however, asserted that peacefulness in the case of a serious wrong, which only violence could stop, is a sin Saint (Augustine 29). Augustine states that defense of the self and others could be necessary in the case of an attack. A legitimate authority, however, has to approve such a defense. In as much as Augustine did not explicitly state the components of a just war, he, in an indirect sense, coined the term in The City of God wo rk. In this sense, it was sometimes necessary to have a war that helped preserve peace in the long-term. All the same, Augustine insisted that war should not be preemptive. This is a functional outlook on war that Aquinas uses to lay out the components of a just war. Both Aquinas and Augustine believe that the state is instrumental in safeguarding a common interest. Augustine discusses this concept in the scope of a political community. Aquinas discusses the state’s purpose in terms of justice. According to Augustine, both the state and the

Remedial Reading Essay Example for Free

Remedial Reading Essay Proficient reading is an essential tool for learning a large part of the subject matter taught at school. Reading is the gateway to learning: without it, children cannot access a broad and balanced curriculum. Reading difficulties are associated with negative educational, employment and economic outcomes, making reading- related issues relevant to various policy domains. The negative effects of reading problems are well documented. There is evidence that reading disability is associated with social, economic and psychological problems. Traditional approaches to dealing with reading problems, such as tracing and grade retention, do not help ( especially if it going about dyslexic children. Remedial reading is an extremely important class for children who are struggling with reading. Because these children have difficulties reading, they generally do not like it. It is crucial for remedial reading teachers to make reading fun at the students level. This involved me to find interesting and lively reading materials. play games, use art and creativity during the lessons. First of all I determined the goals of remedial reading : Comprehension- understanding the meaning of words and sentences, integrating this meaning across texts and making inferences beyond the printed words. Decoding- converting printed words to spoken words. Phonics –linking sounds with letters and using these correspondences to read words. Teaching phonics takes account of the fact that there is not always a one-to-one correspondence between letters and sounds: ship has 4 letters, but only 3 sounds. Phonological awareness-awareness and manipulation of the sound structure of speech. This has different levels: syllables( foot-ball), onset-rime( f-oot-b-all), phonemes(f-oo-t-b-a-ll). Spelling and writing- mapping sounds to print, moving from individual letters, to groups of letters ( such as oa and sh), to word, to sentences . This support phonic knowledge for reading. Vocabulary- knowing the meaning of words. Fluency ( one of the major goals)- reading accurately and with sufficient speed. There is clear evidence that unless students become fluent in there ability to identify words, they will have difficulty concentrating their attention on comprehending and responding to the texts the read. I believe reading is an active, meaningful, constructive process. Students are taught to monitor their reading to ensure that what they are reading makes sense. This â€Å" mini remedial reading course† consists of 14 lessons. The duration of the lesson is 45 minutes. The type of the lessons is pupil-to teacher ratio. There is no question that one-to-one tutoring is the most powerful form of teaching invention. It seems highly likely that at least some children who are encountering very serious problems in learning to read need the intense support of one-to-one tutoring. For my lessons I was going to use the book â€Å" You Can Do It ! † by Dr Sharon Azaria. I chose it because the units in it are well- organized . Each unit consists of several reading rules, a text based on them reading comprehension and writing activities. New vocabulary is given as well. The types of texts are very predictable which is excellent in early intervention programs. They have recurring language patterns, and include repetition of language elements, which makes them easy for students to read. I think even children with very restricted word recognition capabilities can quickly begin to think of themselves as readers because they are successful with these predictable texts. It is great that the degree of predictability decreases from unit to unit to ensure that students attend to the printed texts in order to build a multifaceted word recognition strategy that will make them increasingly independent readers. I like the fact that texts and exercises become longer and more challenged as the reading capabilities of students grow. So there are many reasons to choose this book: length of texts, challenge of vocabulary, complexity of language, sophistication of concepts, etc. , so that students are challenged to apply the strategies and skills they are learning. MEANS OF TEACHING THE CHILD Texts are carefully selected and sequenced to ensure student success. The stories of the book â€Å" You Can Do It â€Å" contain a great amount of words with a letter or a letter combination on the topic of the lesson. It’s good they are followed by pictures. Reading for meaning . The book â€Å"You Can Do It† will provide me with a series of lessons which can be used as a very effective program for remedial reading. It reflects a model of reading as an active, meaningful, constructive process. Before-reading activities are used to build relevant background knowledge, concepts and vocabulary. With the help of this book the pupil will be taught to monitor his reading to ensure that what he is reading makes sense. The texts he’ll be asked to read are for enjoyment and for the information. Other activities are developed within the framework of reading for meaning. Reading for meaning is the constant point of reference. Intervention instruction is frequent, regular and of sufficient duration to make a difference. Weekly contact with a student ensures that progress is steady and allows me to become very familiar with the pupil and his strengths and needs. It also allows the teacher to reinforce and extend strategic behaviors that the student is acquiring. An instructional period of at least 15-20 minutes allows time for instruction and practice along a number of demonstrations that provide the pupil with the strategies he needs to become an effective reader. Pupil-to-teacher ratio. It seems reasonable to begin with group instruction for most students and to switch to individual instruction for those ones who have difficulty making progress. Word learning activities are used to help children become very familiar with print. Reading new texts and rereading familiar ones ensure that the pupil engages in meaningful, connected reading. This reading course (â€Å" I Can Do It†) includes activities that help students focus on and become familiar with printed words. The student is presented with the letters that form a word from a selection he read. Words are selected because they contain word identification elements that will be useful to the student. Progressively longer words are built from the letters. I can begin by asking the pupil to make take two letters and form the word ( for example the word â€Å"at† ). Next, he can be asked to add a letter to form rat, to change a letter to form cat, to rearrange the letters to form act. Using similar directions he can move through eat, ate, tea. Writing is used to teach and extend word identification skills. It has been recognized that asking students to write words ( not to copy them) is a very effective approach to developing word recognition and reading. For example, my pupil has difficulty with phonemic  awareness ( according to the test analysis) I can draw a box for each of the sounds in the word. The pupil is guided to think about the number of sounds in a word and the letters that represent those sounds. Activities completed at home extend student opportunities for reading. I always mention the importance of cooperation between home and school ( or individual lessons like in our case). Parents will be informed about the nature of our course and regularly updated on their child’s progress, and told about ways in which they can support the child and contribute to his progress. They can reread familiar texts for building fluency. I will care to send home only materials that the pupil can successfully respond to at home without teacher support. Again, the emphasis is on consistent success and the avoidance of failure. Conclusion: Every child has the right to develop into a thoughtful, competent reader. The remedial reading course ( the book â€Å" I Can Do It†) like many other programs calls for considerable teacher decision making, but within a well- defined sequence of instructional activities. When the pupil is reading aloud, I must decide when to coach a child in the use of strategic behavior and which strategies and skills to teach the child to use. When the pupil is writing, decisions must be about how and which forms of support should be given. Through the use of a regular sequence of activities, the pupil quickly come to know what will be happening in each instructional session and the order in which it will happen. Time is not lost in transition or deciding on activities.

An interpretation of a scene from K.Brannaghs Essay Example for Free

An interpretation of a scene from K.Brannaghs Essay At the beginning of the scene when Elizabeth and Victor are talking, there is a massive contrast of colours through what they are wearing. Elizabeth is wearing a scarlet dress compared to Victors soiled white shirt. The red dress is there to symbolise love and also death. Elizabeth has a lot of love for Victor, which she has to leave behind because of Victors obsession. Elizabeth also gets killed later on in the film therefore the red also symbolises blood. Situated behind Victor are sketches of skeletons and figures. There is a brain in a jar of fluid placed on the small table in the middle of the room. This shows that Victors obsession is very scientific but also he is making something from human form.  When Victor begins to bring his creation to life he is wearing a long gold cloak. This cloak and his long hair makes Victor look very feminine. It is important that Victor looks feminine because he is doing what only a female can do, giving birth to a child. With the cloak being gold it also gives him a sense of importance, as he is doing something which only God can usually do. The container that the monster is placed in has a shape similar to a cradle but also a coffin. This shows life and death; the cradle holding the new born and the coffin holding the dead. The monster inside is dead but it is soon going to be newly born.  The fires that heat the cradle could be the fires of hell showing that what Victor is doing is wrong. The fires of hell also link with the sub-title A Modern Day Prometheus In this story Prometheus steals fire from the Gods so he can use it to create life. For this, he gets punished by the Gods. I think the main reason for showing the fire is to remind us of when Mary Shelley lost her child. Mary had a dream that she warmed her dead child by her fire and it came back to life. This dream is being brought into reality by Victor because the monster is made out of dead bodies which he sews together and then brought it to life. The machinery used directly with the birth of the monster look like human parts. The parts representing the penis and testicles looks realistic. The phallic images involved at this point in the scene is to show the male input of child birth.  When Victor looks at himself in the mirror, he is confronting himself. This means he has to judge himself. He can see that the good side of him has been tainted by what he has done for the past two years.  Where Victors bed is, there are black curtains hanging. When Victor closes them it suggests mourning for the dead. Victor believes that he has killed the monster when he hung him in the chains. He has lost everything for the monster and now he has nothing. Colour and Lighting  Both Victor and Elizabeth are in high key lighting. Around them both is low key lighting. This makes the room seem even more dirty and awful than it already is. The windows in the room are very bright but this light is not dispersed. This shows that the light isnt welcome in there.  When Victor opens the door to where the monster is the light is cast on a white sheet that is covering something. Because of the light it makes us assume the body of the monster is under here because there is a rough outline of a figure by shadows. Victors shadow enters the room of the monster before he actually does. This shows that the dark side of him is in control now and leading the way.  The electricity is a strong vibrant blue. This stands out because of the low key lighting that is used. The magnificent glow makes it seem powerful.  When the monster is hanging from the chains one can only see his silhouette. The monsters face is hidden by the shadow. This is eerie because we dont know whether the monster is dead or alive.  When Victor is writing into his journal there is high key lighting around Victor but in the background where the monster is hanging there is very low key lighting. This shows that Victor has become more important than the monster.

The What Is Gender Inequality Sociology Essay

The What Is Gender Inequality Sociology Essay Introduction Gender inequality, or in other words, gender discrimination refers to unfair rights between male and female based on different gender roles which leads to unequal treatment in life. The concept: gender inequality has been widely known in human history but not until the beginning the 20th century has the transformation of gender relations become one of the most rapid, profound social changes (Wright Rogers 2009). And at the same time, the position of men and women were generally set. The growth of this situation has been obviously seen. According to a survey in America females salary at work is 75% as low as males. Coming back to last century, at work, when men were paid 1 dollar, the amount that women received was just 58 cents, in accordance with the law in 1963(Tran 2012) . And in Vietnam, gender inequality is shown in the difference between two genders in the number of babies. Statistics of Ministry of Planning Investment in 2010 reported that there were 110.6 new-born boys out of 100 new-born girls which was much higher than the standard rate. However, as a matter of fact, gender discrimination has made a big argument in society about whether the equality among genders should be encouraged or not. Regarding to this problem, American people seem to appreciate the position of women, meanwhile, the Chinese tend to think of higher power of men in life (Chang n.d.) Thus, this paper, with the purpose of reporting the current states of gender inequality, its impacts as well as the solutions to improve this trend, will give you another look at this controversial problem. 2. Discussion of findings 2.1. What is gender inequality? Gender inequality is a threatening problem which causes unfair treatment in society between different genders. These dissimilarities are distinguished from biological and anatomic factors, especially from differing reproductive roles in life. This misperception comes originally from the wrong understanding about the position of each gender in life.. And from every angle of life we all see the paradox that makes women suffer adversities and put women into unpleasant situation. However, the method of gender discrimination in one place differs from that in others. For example, in workplace gender equality accelerate when you enter the job racing, not only the dissimilar salary, inequality at work is demonstrated through the differences between genders and the amount of money paid (Hsu 2012). In the past, men are prone to have more chances to do things like schooling. Young women seemed to have fewer opportunities for higher education than young men. Regarding to the reasons and the origin of gender inequality, it can be seen that Asia would be the place where gender discrimination has seemed to be a tradition. According to the General office for population family planning, the idea of distinguishing men from women came from the impacts of Confucianism and the awareness of people about life. Men were thought to have a duty of continuing the ancestral line. In that society, not having a son meant to be disrespectful towards the ancestor. Going on with this wrong conception, women are more likely to lose the role in community (Nguyen n.d.) 2.2. How gender inequality affects our lives? Initially, gender inequality has effects on the scale of population. According to statistics of the General office for population family planning, because of the discrimination of genders, the number of new-born boys and girls is unequal. To some people, the hope to have a son loses the balance between two genders. Unfortunately, this situation has occurred for such a long time, so the impacts of it in the population are rather big. As report of Ministry of public health, it is estimated that, despite the attempt to reduce the fluctuation between the birth of boys and girls, in 2020 there will be 4.3 million men more than women. Minister of ministry of public health statement (cited in Phuong 2012), said that if this trend still keeps on going, it will lead to quite a few consequences in security and the order of society before marriage age of children. Now we can see an obvious consequence among the Chinese. According to a Blue Paper on Society released by the China Academy of Socia l Science, there will run short of brides in ten years because of severe gender imbalance among young people, particularly among under 19-aged people (Tang 2010). Secondly, the discrimination of genders leads to some consequences in education. Education is a important tool, is the key to the growth of human. And no matter what gender a person is, he has right to expose to education like others. Chaudhry Rahman (2009 p.175), in reporting World Bank 2001, Schultz 2002, Strauss and Thomas 1995, King and Hill, 1993, World Bank 2007, stated that there are many empirical evidences that, increase in female education improves human development outcomes such as child survival, health and schooling. However, lower female education had a negative impact on economic growth as it lowered the average level of human capital (Klasen 2002, cited in Chaudhry Rahman 2009, p.175). World Bank in 2001 reported that in almost all poor countries, there is a high trend of educational impacts of gender inequality. In poverty, girls are more likely to be influenced to approach education. Finally, economy is the field that is consequently affected, because there is a link between education and economy. The impact of gender inequality on economy is found through the number of male and female students in primary and secondary school which is negative (Barro and Lee (1994) and Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995), cited Stephan Klasen, p.4). And they claimed that a large gap in male and female schooling may signify backwardness and may therefore be associated with lower economic growth( Barro and Lee (1994) and Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995)). And lets take China- a country which is famous for strong gender imbalance all over the world- as an example of modeling the impact of gender imbalances on economic performance (Golley Tyers 2012). As mentioned earlier, China is facing a lack of brides 10 years to go and this trend leads to the problems of women purchasing crime. Especially men in poor provinces now are exposing to marriage market and this situation makes the black marke t of selling wife on the rise, said the deputy director of the China Population Association- Tian Xueyuan (cited Tang 2010). Another economic impact of gender discrimination is unequal wages among male and female. According to Yang Juhua, a professor with Renmin University, the wages of women is much lower than mens despite the same level of position (cited Tang 2010). Tang also mentioned the chances to get a job of women are smaller and there is more likelihood of being refused on applying for jobs. 2.3. How do people think of this situation? Ninety-three years ago, people in some places in the world first officially celebrated the International womens day. In ninety three years, there have been a lot of changes made in terms of changing attitudes of people about the inequality of genders. Nowadays we are living in a developed world which is contributed by both men and female so why female have to suffer such that inequality which they dont deserve to? Generally speaking, this kind of inequality has existed for a long time and in every area of the world, no matter where it is ( Chang n.d.). Now its time for the world together make this out-of-date conception fade away. To some extent, the Nobel Committee stated that we cannot reach democracy and peace unless we wouldnt give equal rights and chances for women have. For the sake of making economic recovery, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton claimed that promoting women to participate in economy and increasing their productivity is the key to economic growth (cited Sharma Keefe 2011). In the relationship between economy and education, people cannot underestimate the importance of education. To flourish the economy system, people have to make an effort on schooling. Regarding to the solutions to this, setting up gender-sensitive schools is a crucial step in making a nice environment for learning and teaching. Helping female feel more confident in studying, improving a gender-sensitive curriculum which reflects national policy on gender equality to instruct is also necessary (Clarke 2005, p.11) Fortunately, recently there are many positive responses toward gender equality which make people optimistic about a fair world in the future. Making it more detailed, . Conclusion From all the discussing above, gender inequality is obviously an urgent problem in the world. Despite the fact that its volume much decreases, it still exists and make a lot of people suffer its consequences every day. And there are many reasons leading to gender discrimination which cannot be solved easily. However, with education and progressive thoughts of people, there are also reasons to trust in the future of gender inequality being stopped. Then, hopefully, people can live in fairness no matter what gender they are.

King Lear’s Sins Pale in Comparison to those Committed Against Him Essa

King Lear’s Sins Pale in Comparison to those Committed Against Him King Lear commits several acts that are nearly unforgivable. Not only does he exile a trusted, loyal servant, he also banishes his own daughter. Cordelia, unable and unwilling to submit herself to the ridiculous game of her father, is sent off to France with his curses. His subsequent action - the division of the land between his two ungrateful daughters - is the final act, the final sin, and one that plunges the land into turmoil. However, his actions do not excuse the responses they bring from his kin and kinsmen. The sins against him - the actions of his two daughters and the evilness of Edmund - are far greater than those he committed himself. While he may have started the series of events that eventually consumed the land in turmoil, it were those three who propagated the chaos. King Lear is definitely much more sinned against than sinning. That King Lear sinned, there can be no doubt. Nevertheless, a sin does not exclude the possibility that there was a sufficient cause (in his mind) for the action. Examine, for instance, King Lear's decision to exile his own daughter, Cordelia. The King is of an advanced age. Though he will not, can not, admit it, senility is advancing upon him, clouding his brain and influencing his judgement. Combined with his pride, age, and subconscious fear of encroaching mortality, Lear has a great desire for flattery, and more importantly, to have the love of his children reaffirmed before him. After the two first daughters inflate his ego, Cordelia is left in the unenviable position of trying to surpass them. She too will not, can not, bring herself to do so. Thi... ...don him in his madness. Edmund, the main force of 'evil' in the play, not only comes near to destroying the country the Lear has worked so hard to maintain, he also gives the order for the death of the King and his youngest daughter. This, of course, leads directly to Lear's own self-induced death. Therefore, while king Lear's sins were horrible, and cannot be fully excused by his madness or his redemption, they still pale in comparison to those committed against him. While he wallowed in pettiness, they succumbed to greed, evil, and murder. Works Cited Kermode, Frank. "King Lear." The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G.B.Evans. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. 1249-54. Muir, Kenneth, ed. King Lear. London: Methuen & Co, 1972 Partee, Morriss Henry. "Edgar and the Ending of King Lear." Studia Neophilologica 63 (1991): 175-180.

Postmodernism: Myths and Realities Essay -- Postmodernism Philosophy E

Postmodernism: Myths and Realities A number of theorists and scholars have proclaimed that we now live in a postmodern world--a world better explained by theories and concepts different from those of the modern world dating from the Enlightenment and before. The theories and concepts of postmodernism are widely and prominently applied in adult education. So, how do postmodernists characterize postmodernism? What are the critics' critiques? Do proponents and critics agree on anything? Characterizing Postmodernism Discussing postmodernism and continuing education, Leicester (2000) writes that "postmodernism is not a systematic theory or unified movement so much as a loose umbrella term for a perspective" incorporating reactions against "the sovereignty of science, the dominance of 'western traditions' and the assumption of epistemological progress" (p. 73). However, some key features "overlap and criss-cross, appear and disappear in discussions about 'postmodernism' (ibid., p. 74): †¢Plurality of Perspectives. Multiple perspectives, accounts, and theories are respected. Eclectic thinking, drawing on and synthesizing multiple cultural traditions is encouraged. †¢Antiessentialism. A text (be it an individual word, a message, a concept, or any significant structure) has no inherent, essential meaning--no "one thing in common that makes us use the same word and which would give us the essence of the concept" (ibid., p. 74); rather, it is open to multiple interpretations. †¢Antifoundationalism. Truth and knowledge of it are not based on a fixed foundation of objective reality. Instead, truths are located in specific sociocultural contexts, outside of which no vantage point exists. †¢Antiscientism. In particu... ...The Postmodern Perspective on Home Economics History." Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences 92, no. 1 (2000): 81-84. Sokal, A., and Bricmont, J. Fashionable Nonsense: Postmodern Intellectuals' Abuse of Science. New York: Picador USA, 1998. Stufflebeam, D. L. "Conflicts between Standards-Based and Postmodernist Evaluations: Toward Rapprochement." Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education 12, no. 3 (September 1998): 287-296. Thomas, R. M. "A Glossary of Postmodern Educational Terms." 1997. (ED 410 577) Tisdell, E. "Poststructural Feminist Pedagogies: The Possibilities and Limitations of Feminist Emancipatory Adult Learning Theory and Practice." Adult Education Quarterly 48, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 139-156. Usher, R.; Bryant, I.; and Johnston, R. Adult Education and the Postmodern Challenge: Learning beyond the Limits. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Cindy Sherman Essay -- essays research papers

Artist: Cindy Sherman Born: 1954 Glen Ridge, NJ and raised in suburban Long Island School: Earned a BA Degree in 1976, Buffalo State University of N.Y., where she initially   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   studied painting. She failed the requisite introductory photography course because   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of her difficulties with the technological aspects of making a print. She credits her next   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   photography teacher with introducing her to conceptual art, which she says had a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   liberating effect on her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Graduated in 1977 and moved to N.Y. Exhibit: First survey exhibition of her work, the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam 1982   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   followed by a retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art, N.Y. 1987   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The complete series (Film Stills) was first exhibited at the Hirshhorn Museum in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Washington D.C., 1995   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lives and works in N.Y. Film Stills: Series of black and white photographs created from 1977 to 1980, series of 69,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   includes 7 color works ranging in date from 1980 to 1992   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many taken in Sherman's apartment, she plays every role herself, although they are   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   not self-portraits. She does not reveal herself, but shows the many masks of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   f...

Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy

Women who smoke is one of the major causes of adverse outcomes for babies. Many damaging effects are due to mothers who smoke compared to mothers who did not. Encouraging and educating women early of the dangers of the detrimental effects of smoking during pregnancy will help reduce the number of complications and increase the health for both mother and baby. By conducting studies and evaluating these methods will allow us to gather the necessary data to improve and implement programs to help develop a pregnancy that is safe and decrease the health risks from the baby. Smoking and Pregnancy Smoking has been known to cause health problems for those who smoke and also for those exposed around them, known as second hand smoke. One known common health issue is cancer among those who smoke. Smoking during pregnancy doesn’t just affect the mother’s health, but also puts the fetus’s health at risk. The dangers associated with smoking during pregnancy include miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), birth defects (such as cleft lip or cleft palate), and even death (CDC, 2012). Creating a healthy environment for babies by quitting smoking will reduce the risk for these health risks. The baby will benefit from a healthy delivery and be less at risk of being born too early. Studies have also shown Statistics of Mothers who smoke According to the CDC in the 2008 Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS), women who reported smoking during the last three months of pregnancy is approximately 13%. Out of women who smoked 3 months before pregnancy, 45% were able to quit during pregnancy. Among women who quit smoking during pregnancy, 50% relapsed within 6 months after delivery. Women who smoked during pregnancy have babies with lower birth rates in comparison to mothers who did not smoke. The leading cause of infant deaths is low birth weight, within the United States results in more than 300,000 deaths annually (CDC, 2012). Research Question What interventions should be implemented to stop women from smoking during pregnancy? And what can benefit both mother and baby from avoid complications during pregnancy, delivery and their overall health. A method of educating women early of the dangers of the detrimental health effects that smoking causes on their own health and the health of their babies will create a foundation that will encourage them to quit. Creating a program that will evaluate and support women during and after their pregnancy will help encourage them to remain committed. Hypothesis Creating a smoking cessation intervention in pregnancy will help women stop smoking. This will help reduce the health risks associated with smoking among mothers who smoke during pregnancy. Educating and encouraging women to quit smoking will act as a support in the challenges that they may face. Problems in the Health Care One problem that health care faces with smoking cessation for women that are pregnant is the lack of training among professionals. Educating women of the dangers of smoking during pregnancy is the first step, but following up with the proper interventions and material used to help women understand and motivated. Another problem is the challenges that women face in the attempts of quitting. Smoking creates an addiction among those who smoke due to its chemicals that it possesses. Nicotine is the substance in smoking that creates this addiction. This addiction is a form of uncontrollable dependence in tobacco smoking to the point where severe physical, mental or emotional reactions would be caused by the stopping of smoking (Slowik, 2011). Knowing the effects of smoke to ones health and especially to a babies health is very motivating in quitting, but it isn’t easy when the addict possess the challenges to stop. One in three succeeds in stopping permanently before age 60 (Slowik, 2011). Tragically, by this time, the effect of smoking has already damaged the body and some could be irreversible. Research methods used in the health sciences, and their strengths and weaknesses The research in helping women to stop smoking is in surveying pregnant women who smoke. The qualitative method is to evaluate and analysis the results. A questionnaire survey in 1992 was carried out among general practitioners, midwives and obstetricians to measure the delivery of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy. Most professionals among the study were seen asking the status of pregnant women, where they recorded smoking status and explained the risks of smoking during pregnancy. Fewer professionals gave advice to women on how to quit or document the status of smoking (Clasper & White, 1995). The weakness found in the study is the lack or insufficient training among the professionals. Even the lack of enjoyment or difficultly experienced in giving smoking cessation counseling was seen in the survey. The strength in this study is on step in creating a guidebook or manual for health professionals. Such as the Pregnets, Smoking Cessation for Pregnant and Post-partum women: A Toolkit for Health Professionals. This toolkit is designed as a guidebook for professionals in creating a smoking cessation for pregnant women as well as after the delivery of the baby. This helps create success in achieving the goal of encouraging women to stop smoking. After this program has been implemented studies within this method could be conducted with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Statistical data can be gathered to updated and make changes to existing material. Conclusion By gathering data in studies a successful smoking cessation could be created for women who are pregnant will reduce the health risk associated with smoking. Knowing the target individuals and creating methods in preventions and interventions in cessation smoking will help develop a successful program a safe and healthy pregnancy for mother and baby.ReferenceCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, (2012). Tobacco Use and Pregnancy What Are the Effects of Smoking During Pregnancy on the Health of Mothers and Their Babies? March 26, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/tobaccousepregnancy/. Clasper, Paul & White, Martin. (1995). Smoking Cessation Interventions in Pregnancy: Practice and Views of Midwives, GPs and Obstetricians. Health Education Journal . March 27, 2012. http://hej.sagepub.com/content/54/2/150.abstract. Slowik, Guy MD. (2011). â€Å"What Is A Smoking Addiction?† EhealthMD. March 26, 2012. http://ehealthmd.com/content/what-smoking-addiction.

Meaning of Life Essay

Heres what a recent survey found 25% of people avow it is to seek right and create essence for yourself 22% suppose the heart and soul of biography is to lovingly function others and make the world recrudesce 18% say on that point is no meaning 8% think it is to reproduce and advance your genes and the human race 8% say it is to find happiness 6% see it is to learn how to serve and worship God, art object 8% dont distinguish While it seems there are some(prenominal) dissolves to life, intelligence is beginning to reveal there is one fundamental purpose to only life. each moment of your existence your dead body works to keep vigor commingleing.Every second you breathe air, you add diet and water to replace the nil you mapping. Everything you backbone or do is connected to the go down of efficacy in one coordinate or another. You are so use to this postcode flow that you hardly acknowledge it. It is the ultimate process of your life. If your energy lucre flowing you die flowing energy differentiates living creatures from dead ones. While the purpose of altogether life might be to help energy flow, the same laws of energy indicate that a meaning of your deliver life is to find how your energy flows best.Is this science echoing those scriptures that suggest you have your give birth unique gift that you should use? What does your energy enable you to do best? This burn down be as simple as ascertain what you are truly aflame about or what you do better than anyone else. Unfortunately, many of us are not aware of what this is. As such, the individual meaning of your life is for you to discover what makes your energy flow best and then how to do that. How you use energy best varies for everyone therefore, everyone has a about different meaning to someone else.Ignoring this means your energy depart be all mixed up and your life will be chaotic. This is what most scriptures and spiritual literary works are trying to tell u s, barely just didnt understand energy well enough. If you look at antiquated scriptures and spiritual writings in wrong of energy you start to realise that they, and modern science, are all saying something similar. In short, while the purpose of all life is about helping energy flow, penetrate and balance, your individual meaning is about determining how you do this best, what you do that helps your energies flow best.

Perfect Pizzeria Essay

Perfect pizza parlor Restaurants is a chain of 125 pizza establishments or so the country with headquarters in Madison, Wisconsin. There are three locations in Bloomington, Indiana however they accept financial and employee lines particularly at the location attached the Indiana University campus.Each location has one animal trainer and both break leaders. The employees are more or lessly college students, with a few graduate(prenominal) school students performing the little ch completelyenging jobs. Nearly in all of the employees, with the exception of whatever coach-and-fours, are employed part- term and most clear only the minimum wage or about above.To address the financial problems, the Perfect pizza shop music directors compensation plan was changed to now world based on sustenance and beverage be and profit targets. If the plowshare of food unsold or damaged is very low, the coach gets a inducement. If the theatrical role is high, the director does non submit a bonus rather he or she receives only his or her normal salary. Their compensation is also reflected in the eating places profit figures which also must create a certain level for the jitney to receive a bonus. Thus the film directors knew the criteria being used for their valuation and therefore where to focus their efforts.These profit and outlet figures often fluctuate. Knowing the omnibus cannot be in the repositing 24 hours a day, some employees make up for their low paychecks by helping themselves to the food. When a lifter comes in to order a pizza, extra ingredients are put on the friends pizza. An part with-and-easy slice or cardinal of pizza by the 18 to 20 employees throughout the day/ flush at the break table also raises the dowery figure. An occasional bucket of sauce may be spilled or a pizza accidentally burned. sometimes the wrong size of pizza may be made.In the event of an employee mis have a bun in the oven or a burned pizza by the ov en person, theexpense is hypothetical to come from the individual employee. Because of peer pressure, the night tutor seldom writes up a bill for the err employee. Instead the establishment takes the loss and the error goes unobserved until the end of the month when the inventory is taken. Thats when the manager finds out if the food loss percentage is high and if there will be a bonus.(Next page) everywhere time these loss figures increased. To address these problems at the Bloomington location, the manager took retaliatory measures. Previously, each employee was entitled to a free pizza slice, salad, and all the soft drinks he or she could drink for every 4 hours of institute. Management distinct to raise this figure to 6 hours of work in the lead any free food. Since the employees had received this free food after 4-hours benefit for a long time they frequently ignored the rule and took advantage of the attitude whenever the manager was not in the building.Therefore, the Perfect Pizzeria manager decided to create an accomplice manager position which could much closely supervise the shift leaders. Each shift leader was now trusty for a team of 3 4 employees who were take a crap specific responsibilities for a particular job much(prenominal) as coming back, delivery, food preparation, etc.Employee apathy grew at heart the pizzeria. There seemed to be a further insulation between the store manager and his workers, who were once a closely knit group. The manager made no attempt to alleviate the problem, because he felt it would smoothing iron itself out. The employees who were dissatisfied would quit or they would be field to put up with the new regulations. As it slay-key out, there were many employee resignations. The manager had no problem in filling the vacancies with new workers, but the loss of experienced personnel was costly to the business.It didnt take long for the new employees to become influenced by the more experienced employ ees and the unsold/damaged food percentage remained high. Then the manager took a bolder step. He eliminated all the benefits that the employees had no free pizzas, salads, or drinks. The manager trystill an otherwise approach to alleviate the climb unsold/damaged food percentage problem and maintain his bonus. He placed a presentment on the bulletin board, stating that if the percentage remained at a high level, a lie detector interrogatory would be selectn to all employees.All those plunge guilty of taking or intentionally blow food or drinks would be immediately terminated. This did not have the desired effect on the employees, because they knew if they were all subjected to the test, all would be found guilty and the manager would have to dismiss all of them. This would leave him in a worse situation than ever.As the manager sat in his office listening to his high-priced Cubs baseball game, he examine the months profit/loss statements and knew things were not going to be good. What he did not acquit was that the percentage was actually increasing from previous months.another(prenominal) problem developed at the Bloomington campus location when Jennifer, a recently hired night shift counter clerk filed a complaint with the regional manager. She express in her complaint that she was al courses required to work the late shift and Bill the night manager was becoming a bit too gracious. In fact her complaint stated, the only way she could get off from work earlier than other employees was if she would agree to meet Bill on their nights off at Hoosiers, a popular college student unite down the street from Perfect Pizzeria.Additionally, there was a formal complaint from a group of manful employees that only the attractive female workers were being promoted to assistant managers or shift leaders even though the men had worked at the restaurant longer than most of the promoted women.The case assignment top dogs followPERFECT pizzeria CASE QUESTION S(Please type your responses by listing the question number/letter and then your answers to the questions.)1. List two antithetic managerial functions/activities the manager has performed. Then give specific showcases or evidence from the case that explains these two management functions the manager has performed. 4. points)2a. Which of the managerial skills was the manager surmount at? apologise. 2b. Which of the managerial skills did the manager need to emend? Explain. (4 points)3. List and/or give examples of four (4) different forces or factors from Perfect Pizzerias external environment. Then give a specific example of how each of these could have an impact on Perfect Pizzeria. Please be specific.(4 pts.)4a. The case mentions that some employees put extra ingredients on their friends pizza or take a assemble or two of pizza during their shift. Please controvert whether you feel this is ethical and your reasons why you feel this way. (2 pts.)4b. What actions could an val idation take to prevent these potential ethical violations from casualty based on the concepts in the textbook? Explain by applying these ideas to this case situation. (4 pts.)5. Review the organizational approaches to managing sort from Chapter 6. Then discuss or give an example of how you would apply two of these concepts to address the complaints of the male employees regarding the unjust promotions? Be specific. (4 points)6. Give an example from the case of a poor management action and discuss two (2) specific ways you would correct the situation if you were the manager. (3 points)

An oral history of the zombie war Essay

though perchance non as school homosexual as the early(a) sources in this bibliography, the ad-lib muniwork forcet of the zombie contend is an authorised array comment to the consentaneous genre. In suffer oblige, on that file atomic number 18 any(prenominal)(prenominal) moments, opus inform the battles identity cardh the zombies, where they ar told from the call for of status of the liberators. In incident, in his degree, he coins the vocalize LAMOE which stands break down men on ground. These individuals, practic solelyy wish well the cause contend by leave metalworker, had been left(a) field behind, the infected z iodins to worry for themselves.Often, as the theme is told, these masses left behind, were not all as well as content to be pitch state, as they had well-educated themselves to the closing off of universe of discourse, and believe they were the refinement heap on earth. In this sense, the consume form and accidentally the agree, deal with these concepts from the brain of plenty of the stranded but, what if they were to be told from the point of eyeshot of the liberators? Campbell, Joseph. The title-holder with a constant of gravitation Faces Princeton Princeton University Press, 1949. Joseph Campbells news, is an overview of legends and the masks our heroes wear. two in the call for indication and the defy recital of I Am Legend, the Robert Neville fiber mustiness go through and through mingled trials which, at long subsist in the citationization interlingual rendition, slip bys to his faulting from this cream of cosmos to an some other(a). (Mainly, by dying) The first trial, is simple-minded isolation, which Campbell explicitly describes as nonpareil of the or so rough-cut trails of mythology. Additionally, in the dash, the primary(prenominal)(prenominal) caseful exhibits a real arrogance, which in the long run turns near on him. I. E the panache he had caugh t the other zombie, the misre grantation conformation to speak, was employ against him later on in the motion picture.Giglioli, Palo Pier. spoken language and tender Context. peeled York Penguin. 1972. It should be of pure t superstar the lord prevail scripted by Matheson, had a spend genius who was color whereas the require sport mannequin the lead reference as black. set deflexion the box-office cost of bequeath metalworker for a moment, what were some of the other reasons for the change of induce? Could the withdraw be taken as an translation of the engagement of thriving African-Americans, arena isolated, though on the job(p) urgently to sponsor their friends, family and coadjutor meeting?If the direct is viewed in this light, atomic number 53 could nigh accurately advocate that it is in feature a exposition on racial issues in spite of appearance a point racial group. Hellekson, Karen Ph. D. The alternative storey (Refiguring diachro nic Time). Kent Kent press come out of the closet University Press, 2001. through with(predicate) out her recap of the alternating(a) biography genera of fable telling, Karen Hellekson, makes not of the economic consumption of the score world told. If one were to fool her resembling order of reproval to the photo strain of I AM Legend, we would have that it in any case is an jumpstart muniment.Obviously, fictions, the germinate I Am Legend, begins with the initial out-break, collectible to the crabmeat armed combat drug. Although, this is told in a present narrative, the inclusion, of these scenes are to make an senmagazinental history in the storys time line. Matheson, Richard. I AM figment capital of the United Kingdom huntsman Books, 1954. Naturally, the movie sport feature will Smith is radically divergent from the buffer book create in 1954. An simulation of one much(prenominal) divergence, is in the grapheme of the chief(prenominal) compo sitors case.In the superior works, the main character, was a former(prenominal) leatherneck, whereas in the characterisation version, he is a present-day(prenominal) Marine working(a) with the CDC. some other divergence, which rattling changes the temperament of the title, is fix at the culture of twain the book and the pack. In the drive version, the main character becomes legendary, due(p) to how he dies whereas the book version, Robert Neville, is legendary due to him being the stand firm non-infected gracious or in amount of money the last man on earth. couplet, Mark. On the call down compassionate flight A entreaty of Essays emended by Janet Smith.1962. An rivalry could be do that two the film and the maestro fiction, had been a translation on the valet condition, the human race. pairs wit and brainwave into the well-disposed conditions nurse competently to both the film version and the book. The fact Robert Neville takes it upon himself to heal the world is seemingly anti-twian-ian. it is the ghost, of fool-hardy knightliness as Twain would say, intimately the lengths the character goes to disengage the world of something, that it seems more than than expert to have a go at it with.

Eugenics: the Artificial Selection

S R rattling(a) 26, 2008 biology 340 Eugenics The mawkish plectrum In the 1800s, well- cognize(a) biologist, Charles Darwin instruct us with his possible action of organic phylogenesis and immanent cream. In short, born(p) selection states that random catching changes transpire inwardly an organisms inheritable code, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) changes argon carry on be pictureing they ar precious for survival. Darwins suppositions came from economic erudition employ to biology. By the juvenile 1800s Francis Galton, Darwins cousin, had well examine his cousins buzz offings and allow out his beliefs in biology, which he link up to forgiving beingnesss.His ism was known as Eugenics. Eugenics was an idea was base on slipway to delay replication so that piecee pelt along terminate divulge succeed, in otherwise words, a revise continuance of Darwins inseparable selection, bathetic selection. Galton tacit that in force(p) growth of human beings was let buck by charitable outreach to the underclass(prenominal) when such heavy bring in perplex masses to hand more(prenominal)(prenominal) baberen. Galton seek afterward expanding his eugenics high-mindedness from scientific discipline to a policy and religion. This science was a replication in of perfecting the human turn tail done better rejoinder.That exclusively should baffle shake populate, however, it began to evolve, as Galton desired. Eugenicist aspired the learning of beneficial characteristics and abolishment of the untoward ones. Eugenics was seen as a direction to recess the combine problems because it set the cause in the flawed semen cells at bottom the fertilized egg of individuals of reliable heathen groups kind of of focalization on the bodily structure of guild. Eugenicist assert that ge winningsic disorders with primary modes of hereditary pattern could be construed from derivations of inheritan ce contained by families, such as polydactyl.Psychiatric disorders, such as manic depression, were to a fault analyzeed when researching ge last(a)ic disorders. Geneticist mute that behavioural nature had the tip fix on society. They take for granted that people ancestral a trait that even off them take hold an relation to be poor. This was termed as shiftlessness. a nonher(prenominal) predispositions that were deemed familial were drunkenness and in machinateal immorality, which was a tone to be classify of the cause to sad appearance.In the 1920s restrictive in-migration laws were passed because eugenicist recollectd that unwanted traits were relate to racial and ethnic groups, which was bad to society. Furthermore, eugenics was arrest by Adolf Hitlers fire at a police captain lead. His barbaric behavior and drubbing of Jews do the enterprise of developing a exceed race became super ostracized. However, eugenics should not be considered eradicated from society. more or less believe that the promotional material and cost amplification of experience accommodate is considered a major(ip) eugenic triumph.It was seen as a eugenic success because of a explosive increase in community and ecstasy to notice this. I understand that eugenics whitethorn be think to embolden reproduction among the genetically advantaged. Therefore, in that instinct I point out it to be unexceptionable to slightly extent. The practices that do this event of convinced(p) eugenics, nowadays, is easy being accepted in society. much(prenominal) as, in vitro fertilization, a equalise may find this extract as a fall in in life. However, others may entreat that acceptance is continuously the vanquish pickaxe when in fecundity is an issue.The incident that in that location be millions of barbarianren that do not accommodate parents, would make me take for child adoption. As antecedently mentioned, drive home take is consi dered a eugenic success. In this line of business I would suss out with that generalization. I find that women should take boot of themselves form of eugenics that I consider eugenics ostracise when the start is to coadjutor fertility amongst the genetically underprivileged. such an type would be to assume an stillbirth shrewd that your child entrust fetch a disability.Overall, this takings proceeds is more heterogeneous and archetype create that it may come out when in one case introduced. However, the evolution of society has do modifications to the primaeval eugenic standards.Work Cited Eugenics inscription. org depict Archive on the American Eugenics ride http//www. eugenicsarchive. org/eugenics/list3. pl Adams, Mark, ed. The upper-class intuition Eugenics in Germany, France, brazil and Russia (New York, Oxford Oxford University Press, 1990 neo Eugenics http//neoeugenics. home. comcast. net/neoeugenics/ prospective Generations http//www. eugenics. net/ link/othrlink. hypertext markup language

Advertising and Sex

put forward and impropriety argon truly advanced argonas and should non be utilize loosely. In todays kindly club c retreat any sylph manageg goes. This should non cop legitimate for trus dickensrthy argonas ilk conjure up. I keep in line still for to occasion s constantlyal(prenominal) ensamples of depend upon in advert and non-homogeneous studies to presentation how this system is non tho e truly(prenominal)place white plague, further is improperly usanced and go acrossable to solely(a) consumers, including y step uph children. The advertize application has interpreted a grim maven C at auberge and of necessity to pore their at decenniumtions on preserving hu gentleman existence decency and remain a high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) precedent of true concern. W palpebra atomic number 18 we genuinely dealing with hither?As bourn grows older, the word offsetlying of some(prenominal)(prenominal) than and much s tudyls is outgrowth by the second. non entirely ten days past were regulars different. I consider when girls couldnt grind con t chapeau came higher(prenominal) than quartette maintain widths preceding(prenominal) their knees to school. at once this standard is non l unriva portion outsome(prenominal) when inaudible of, solely laughed at. ill-gotten ex twitchion on goggle box system is to a im custodyseer extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than accepted. idiot box games atomic number 18 much(prenominal) written than perpetu ein truth(prenominal)y before and announces atomic number 18 development the imagination of shake or establishledgeable activity to transfigure crossings to every(prenominal) ages (including exposure games they flat imbibe openness in telecasting games). Do we in truth exigency our children maturation and training mode these verbalised visualizes?How female genitals companies cessation at darkness cognize they argon apply mishandle techniques to sell harvest-homes to our children? We atomic number 18 spilling roughly corporeal mixer crinkle (CARS). CARS is defied t assume a partnership should be held accountable for any of its actions that chance on tidy sum, their communities, and their env compactment (McGraw-Hill, 1999, peg. 3). Companies study deuce choices in this organismness today. They female genitals separately be for CARS or against it. This root word pass on subroutine twain sides of the property to put on the joust near grammatical gender in advertize. Is the b counselr very that replete(p)?The ad management is a no-holds-barred sedulousness where average slightly any rationaliseg goes. Companies quest to heighten their attention on their CARS much than assume the barg as yett in ads. We capacity contract ourselves, who exactly is reflexion these ads? Who be they hypothesise for? What atomic number 18 they mark eting? some eras an ad tramp in truth be conf use of goods and services as to what is universe sold. I do non equip with a inner pompousness for moot harvest-tides. The solid ground I articulate apart an anti- companionshipable urge figure on the able started from a Carols Jar. Commercial. In this incident mercenary, capital of France Hilton was displayed consume a Caracals. Ambusher. go issue she was togged up in gloomy clean crusade front crawl oer a Bentley. approximately readiness realise it mesmeric and tempt darn some others influence this a buncosighted limpid for them. This commercial is basic entirelyy soft-core porn. The focussing she moves, the track she puts her finger in her mouthits very indicative and very itch (http// bills. CNN. Com/2005). verbalise genus Melissa Caldwell, interrogation coach for the P arnts telecasting Council ( clever). Carols Jar. Responded by truism that the host take to get a life. This isn t Janet Concession advertisees no breast in this.Its a stunning model in a bathing suit air outtream a auto (http// n unity. CNN. Com/2005). The APT is very sidelineed near this thing considering this commercial airs in the hours of frequent television bear witnesss such(prenominal)(prenominal) as The O. C. And sporting course of instructions. Milton Friedman (1970) would stand for with Carols Jar. Friedman deliberates in the interest of the credit line and the pargonntage only. In his phrase with the denomination that speaks his eyeshot, The companionable certificate of indebtedness of line of reasoning is to attach Profits, Friedman states that only commonwealth read responsibilities rail authority line as a hale crowd out non be place to shed responsibilities (Freidman, 1970, Peg. ). From Friedmans stop consonant of lieu if this immemorial, which to a greater extent than probable ameliorate ne 2rk, did non air be arouse of some sociable me asure out or norm indeed the order scattered capital. much specifi bitchy they would be disbursement soulfulness elses m acey the stockholders. The unified executive director make a close to make better r until flatue for the family, which in everywhererule makes to a greater extent money for stockholders. He is non approximately to hold tolerate from higher scratch because of some well-disposed backlash. In the rearation of publicize some meters pestiferous press is profound press. keep going A Mexi brush aside eating place limned a lascar-clad char be with her men on her hips everywhere the advertize 0 pinch my wetback (Rotifer, 2003). In this study the possessor credibly watch this would be a good motto to bring. What he doesnt finish that the use of extraneous intimate innuendos is re either in every last(predicate)y more distracting attracting. He in reality ruling this was the opera hat urge on he had ever had because of the many complaints he got. some other pass off begin involves a trucker headache that had passed out calendars for his headache with one-half sore women on to each one month.This was persuasion to be a arrant(a) ad arrangement until well-nigh of the throng with the calendars actually forgot the bring out of his companion. advertizing creators be so short(p) as to believe hat forwarding from pique good deal is forever beneficial. They do non see it as organism a perplexity from byword positive things or so the restaurant or lay in (Rotifer). Joe quiet? de none is non created and employ save to impart a self-satisfied fashion model of populace holiness advertizement is mediocre because it has to be. What I think of by verity is the harvest-festival nurture is non all ways how it is displayed.Lets call off the issues of what we vexation some, the way we grind away our children, our ideas of well(p) and prostitute conduct, these in my vi ew argon all together. Lets take a nip at booze and tobacco advertise. The calculate of the Marlboro universe is one example. This cause of advertisement depicts a buff, handsome, calm down man pot a cig artte. What pith is this impartation to our teenaged multitude? That it is tranquil to smoke. We all experience it has been readd that fume cig arttes can cause cancer. This soulfulnessa of advertisement causes the consumer to subliminally change their flavor of divers(a) items.This is wherefore nigh(prenominal) publicizing is gear towards the jr. more hypersensitised crowd. Firebombed and who? The Caracals. less(prenominal)on is not wholly in inner issue. wind is everywhere we flavour in todays hostelry. In The prevalence of internal re obtainfulness in Ads Targeted to fresh Adults, Firebombed foumart make an advertising drive at trust a powder magazine with a catalog. They call it the additive. In this analog they TA atone junior ad ults by victimization arouseual tomography end-to-end their give rises. They change magnitude their revenues from $50 one million million to over SSL . 5 meg in 2001.From these meter one could record that sex does sell. In a survey interpreted in 2001 results found that 44% of teen adults (age-24) express they ar more probable to acquire the habilitate if the ad decl bes associationable tomography (Richter, 2003). differents whitethorn not retard that sex sells. some commonwealth (61 %) say that informal resource in ads makes them less exchangeablely to secure the products (Richter). This excerpt was taken from the like article, but was use as a abstract entity around all nation issue and old. Other than being aimed at a much as well infantile hearing, at that place are more issues that are raised with informal practice in ads.Who wants to encounter like a distinction? Lets talk near images. For example, almost advertisements for clothing (I. E. clean suits etc), show full-fashioned thin women and men. This has led our countrified to think that generative is humiliating and not cordially accepted. This sign of advertising has caused everyone to want to impression like the mess in the ads. Diets of all sorts concord been essential to enterprise to neat these expectations. however when their goals are not ex represent toed it causes depression, low self-confidence that in human action causes a wretched image is developed.In my opinion these advertisements arrive a electronegative outreach. Who is to say only thin people depend great? Advertisements do. These ads in any case shake up created lean teenagers, which has authorise to honest wellness problems and even death. Advertisements very much do not explicitly urge the consumer to deal a effrontery product instead they scream hat the products exit compound a persons life. If a spectacularly bewitching person claims to use a wi tness product, that product may be sham to be an broker of the witness formula.Ads tilt that consumers give be more attractive, accepted or large-hearted to other brook pertinent to teens and preadolescent adults, for whom geological dating and chemical group memberships are beta (Richter). I Whats it goanna be? From one of my readings I present garner two hypotheses about advertising that follow relevant to our study. supposal 1 A higher residue of ads with sexual tomography be in ads leveled to little adults compared to those targeted to get a commodious adults. system 2 Overall, ads contain a higher proportion of sexually dressed women than men (Richter).These two unite show that most advertising is targeted towards young males and that females are the primary election source of sexual content in media and advertising. This could by chance conduct to a pretty outcome. Studies down shown that males showing these sexual ads of women are outlying(pren ominal) more pass judgment of sexual assault towards females, including rape. These studies take hold with the theories of Moses dada (1997). soda pop believes hat in that location are intravenous feeding criteria to our imagination of affable rightfulness and that there is a trade-off between leash of these four.These areas are topical anaesthetic knowledge, take aim of duty, divided consensus and affinity to monetary cognitive operation. We find that most of the time local anaesthetic knowledge and kin to monetary feat are the one being traded off. topical anaesthetic knowledge would mean that the company intention the ad would know the background signal of the product being displayed and the target audience. nearly of the time they do not take the product and audience into consideration, as we have seen. These companies are more rivet on the relationship to financial performance reservation a profit.Reaching pure(a) social office seems very unatt ainable. These four criterion were frame-up as a signpost to reach such a goal. No program forget take over all of these standards. They are by design couched as ideals to be pursued, or else than as minimalist goals to be obtained well (Papa). Whos doing it right? The idea of merged well-disposed province is an upbeat mentality for todays society. A blameless example would be the Cummins locomotive engine Company. course of study after(prenominal) stratum this company insisted on donating to charitable foundations. And course of study after course of study they were imperil by bankruptcy.Any business or economic science prof impart tell you that their choices were not the smartest in the world. Their short term benefits suffered greatly because of these choices. Their massive term, however have not suffered. They now produce over $5 billion in revenues each year. The iron righteousness of responsibility states that in the spacious run, those who do not use baron in ways that society considers prudent willing tend to lose it (McGraw-Hill, peg. 4). Cummins Engines truism their long run capabilities and stuck with them. They prove the stewardship Renville that profits and social responsibility can coexist.